Jcl
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DFSORT is a program used to sort, merge, and copy information. Can be invoked via SORT verb in COBOL program or as a job step in JCL.
- Sorting is done by selecting specific columns and arrange them in a particular sequence.
- Merging is done by combining the contents of two or more previously sorted data sets into one.
- Copying is duplicating files. Example for backup.
- Reformat data, add or remove fields, insert blanks and constants from input dataset.
- Sort, merge, include or omit records according to the collating sequence mentioned below.
- Concatenate datasets and sort.
Sorting sequence for character data and numeric data in ascending or descending order is different and has following priority
Character data: sequenced from left to right; comprises aphabetic, alphanumeric and numeric characters. In ascending order:
+9 and then -9 (+ comes before -)
Numeric data: sequenced based on the numeric value, taking sign into consideration. In ascending order:
-9 and then +9 (-9 is less than +9)
SORT a dataset:
Character data and Numeric data are sorted differently.
The following fields are listed in ascending sequence for both character and numeric data.
Character data sequence are
+9, -9 (+ comes before -)
b9, -9 (Blank comes before -)
b999, 0009 (Blank comes before zero)
Numeric data sequence are
-9, +9 (-9 is less than +9)
-9, 9 (-9 is less than 9)
9, 999 (9 is less than 999)
Sort order of alphanumeric data (character data) is called its Collating sequence, which specifies the sort order of each character in the character set. Mainframe uses EBCDIC and the following is the sort order sequence
EBCDIC
blank
.<(+I=&!…….=“
a through z
A through Z
0 through 9
Lets consider the following example with Input file is PS with fixed length
CustomerId starting at absolute byte 1, for 5 bytes long
CustomerName at absolute byte 6, for 25 bytes long
BusinessUnit at absolute byte 31, for 15 bytes long
Revenue at byte 46, for 9 bytes long
To sort in ascending order of CustomerId, the JCL is:
//PROGPUBA JOB NOTIFY=USER
//STEP010 EXEC PGM=SORT
//SYSPRINT DD SYSOUT=*
//SYSOUT DD SYSOUT=*
//SORTIN DD DSN=
//SORTOUT DD DSN=
//SYSIN DD *
SORT FIELDS=(1,5,CH,A)
/*
The control statement supplies a Sort-Key implying: SORT FIELDS=(1,5,CH,A)
1 - Start sorting the record at the absolute byte address.
5 - Length, the number of bytes to be included in sorting.
CH - Format of sorting (EBCDIC character).
A - Sequence of sorting (ascending)
The sorted dataset will contain as shown
The Sort control statement takes the form:
SORT FIELDS=(Sort-key1, Sort-key2, ……)
and each Sort-key will have the format
(Start, Length, Format, Order)
| Start | Starting position in the record |
| Length | Length of the data to be sorted |
| Format | CH (EBCDIC character), AC (ASCII character), FS (Signed numeric character), D1 (User-defined data type) |
| Order | Ascending, Descending |
SUM FIELDS:
The SUM control statement specifies that, whenever two records are found with equal sort or merge control fields, the contents of their summary fields are to be added, the sum is to be placed in one of the records, and the other record is to be deleted. If the EQUALS option is in effect the first record of summed records is kept. If the NOEQUALS option is in effect, the record to be kept is unpredictable.
Example JCL:
File Edit Edit_Settings Menu Utilities Compilers Test Help
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EDIT PROGPUB.AA.SOURCE(SRTJCL) - 01.00 Columns 00001 00072
****** ***************************** Top of Data ******************************
==MSG> -Warning- The UNDO command is not available until you change
==MSG> your edit profile using the command RECOVERY ON.
000001 //PROGPUBA JOB NOTIFY=PROGPUB
000002 //S1 EXEC PGM=SORT
000003 //SYSPRINT DD SYSOUT=*
000004 //SYSOUT DD SYSOUT=*
000005 //SORTIN DD DSN=PROGPUB.AA.A1,DISP=SHR
000006 //SORTOUT DD DSN=PROGPUB.AA.A2,DISP=SHR
000007 //SYSIN DD *
000008 SORT FIELDS=(1,3,CH,D)
000009 SUM FIELDS=(8,4,ZD)
000010 /*
000011 //
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Inorder to remove duplicates from the output file use SUM FIELDS=NONE. It removes duplicates on fields specified in SORT FIELDS.
SORT and remove duplicates
File Edit Edit_Settings Menu Utilities Compilers Test Help
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EDIT PROGPUB.AA.SOURCE(SRTJCL) - 01.06 Columns 00001 00072
****** ***************************** Top of Data ******************************
==MSG> -Warning- The UNDO command is not available until you change
==MSG> your edit profile using the command RECOVERY ON.
000001 //PROGPUBA JOB NOTIFY=PROGPUB
000002 //S1 EXEC PGM=SORT
000003 //SYSPRINT DD SYSOUT=*
000004 //SYSOUT DD SYSOUT=*
000005 //SORTIN DD DSN=PROGPUB.AA.A1,DISP=SHR
000006 //SORTOUT DD DSN=PROGPUB.AA.A2,DISP=SHR
000007 //SYSIN DD *
000008 SORT FIELDS=(1,3,CH,A,11,2,CH,D)
000009 SUM FIELDS=NONE
000010 /*
000011 //
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Example JCLs:
Merge 2 files and sort:
File Edit Edit_Settings Menu Utilities Compilers Test Help
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EDIT PROGPUB.AA.SOURCE(SRTJCL) - 01.00 Columns 00001 00072
****** ***************************** Top of Data ******************************
==MSG> -Warning- The UNDO command is not available until you change
==MSG> your edit profile using the command RECOVERY ON.
000001 //PROGPUBA JOB NOTIFY=PROGPUB
000002 //S1 EXEC PGM=SORT
000003 //SYSPRINT DD SYSOUT=*
000004 //SYSOUT DD SYSOUT=*
000005 //SORTIN DD DSN=PROGPUB.AA.INDT1,DISP=SHR
000006 // DD DSN=PROGPUB.AA.INDT2,DISP=SHR
000007 //SORTOUT DD DSN=PROGPUB.AA.OUTDT3,DISP=SHR
000008 //SYSIN DD *
000009 SORT FIELDS=(1,3,CH,A)
000010 /*
000011 //
****** **************************** Bottom of Data ****************************
Sort and split files to different output files:
File Edit Edit_Settings Menu Utilities Compilers Test Help
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EDIT PROGPUB.AA.SOURCE(SRTJCL) - 01.15 Columns 00001 00072
****** ***************************** Top of Data ******************************
==MSG> -Warning- The UNDO command is not available until you change
==MSG> your edit profile using the command RECOVERY ON.
000001 //PROGPUBA JOB NOTIFY=PROGPUB
000002 //S1 EXEC PGM=SORT
000003 //SYSPRINT DD SYSOUT=*
000004 //SYSOUT DD SYSOUT=*
000005 //SORTIN DD DSN=PROGPUB.AA.INP,DISP=SHR
000006 //SORTOF01 DD DSN=PROGPUB.AA.A2,DISP=SHR
000007 //SORTOF02 DD DSN=PROGPUB.AA.A3,DISP=SHR
000008 //SORTOF03 DD DSN=PROGPUB.AA.A4,DISP=SHR
000009 //SYSIN DD *
000010 SORT FIELDS=(1,3,CH,A)
000011 OUTFIL FILES=01,INCLUDE=(1,1,CH,EQ,C'A')
000012 OUTFIL FILES=02,INCLUDE=(1,1,CH,EQ,C'V')
000013 OUTFIL FILES=03,INCLUDE=(1,1,CH,EQ,C'J')
000014 /*
000015 //
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